{"id":11423,"date":"2024-07-23T07:48:19","date_gmt":"2024-07-23T05:48:19","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/kwalifikacje.gov.pl\/?page_id=11423"},"modified":"2026-10-07T23:49:07","modified_gmt":"2026-10-07T21:49:07","slug":"key-concepts","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/kwalifikacje.gov.pl\/en\/individual\/knowledge-base\/key-concepts\/","title":{"rendered":"Key concepts"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">As part of the work on the Integrated Qualifications System (IQS), carried out jointly with social partners, a number of concepts were developed to support clear communication between representatives of different communities on matters relating to how qualifications function.<\/p>\n\n\n<!-- template: subpage-block \/ name: Podstrony -->\n\n\n<section class=\"subpages align wp-block-zrk-subpage-block\" id=\"subpages-block_5f7cbd816e5dc154b7932fb67de63e21\">\n                <div class=\"accordion\" id=\"accordionSubpage\">\n                                    <div class=\"accordion-item\">\n                        <h2 id=\"heading-11332\" class=\"accordion-header\">\n                            <button class=\"accordion-button gtm-accordion collapsed\"\n                                    type=\"button\"\n                                    data-bs-toggle=\"collapse\"\n                                    data-bs-target=\"#collapse-id-11332\"\n                                    aria-expanded=\"false\"\n                                    aria-controls=\"collapse-id-11332\"\n                                    data-label=\"Accumulation of achievements\">\n                                Accumulation of achievements                            <\/button>\n                        <\/h2>\n                        <div id=\"collapse-id-11332\"\n                             class=\"accordion-collapse collapse\"\n                             aria-labelledby=\"heading-11332\" role=\"region\">\n                            <div class=\"accordion-body\">\n                                                                    <p>In the IQS, \u201caccumulation of achievements\u201d means gaining a qualification in stages. In this case, a person seeking a qualification has their competences assessed in several separate stages that do not follow immediately one after another. Only competences that are related to one another and form a coherent whole can be assessed and formally confirmed [&hellip;]<\/p>\n                                                                <a class=\"own-links-box dark-overlay js-track-tile\" href=\"https:\/\/kwalifikacje.gov.pl\/en\/individual\/knowledge-base\/key-concepts\/accumulation-of-achievements\/\"\n                                   data-tile-name=\"Accumulation of achievements\"\n                                   data-tile-action=\"podstrona_akordeon\"\n                                   data-tile-section=\"podstrony\"\n                                   data-tile-url=\"https:\/\/kwalifikacje.gov.pl\/en\/individual\/knowledge-base\/key-concepts\/accumulation-of-achievements\/\">\n                                    Find out more                                    <span class=\"visually-hidden\">: Accumulation of achievements<\/span>\n                                <\/a>\n                            <\/div>\n                        <\/div>\n                    <\/div>\n                                    <div class=\"accordion-item\">\n                        <h2 id=\"heading-11327\" class=\"accordion-header\">\n                            <button class=\"accordion-button gtm-accordion collapsed\"\n                                    type=\"button\"\n                                    data-bs-toggle=\"collapse\"\n                                    data-bs-target=\"#collapse-id-11327\"\n                                    aria-expanded=\"false\"\n                                    aria-controls=\"collapse-id-11327\"\n                                    data-label=\"Achievement\">\n                                Achievement                            <\/button>\n                        <\/h2>\n                        <div id=\"collapse-id-11327\"\n                             class=\"accordion-collapse collapse\"\n                             aria-labelledby=\"heading-11327\" role=\"region\">\n                            <div class=\"accordion-body\">\n                                                                    <p>In the IQS, an achievement is a separately assessed and formally confirmed part of the competences (learning outcomes) required for a qualification. Only requirements that are presented in the qualification description as a module can be confirmed separately. Such a module is a distinct unit of related learning outcomes that together form a coherent whole.<\/p>\n                                                                <a class=\"own-links-box dark-overlay js-track-tile\" href=\"https:\/\/kwalifikacje.gov.pl\/en\/individual\/knowledge-base\/key-concepts\/achievement\/\"\n                                   data-tile-name=\"Achievement\"\n                                   data-tile-action=\"podstrona_akordeon\"\n                                   data-tile-section=\"podstrony\"\n                                   data-tile-url=\"https:\/\/kwalifikacje.gov.pl\/en\/individual\/knowledge-base\/key-concepts\/achievement\/\">\n                                    Find out more                                    <span class=\"visually-hidden\">: Achievement<\/span>\n                                <\/a>\n                            <\/div>\n                        <\/div>\n                    <\/div>\n                                    <div class=\"accordion-item\">\n                        <h2 id=\"heading-11347\" class=\"accordion-header\">\n                            <button class=\"accordion-button gtm-accordion collapsed\"\n                                    type=\"button\"\n                                    data-bs-toggle=\"collapse\"\n                                    data-bs-target=\"#collapse-id-11347\"\n                                    aria-expanded=\"false\"\n                                    aria-controls=\"collapse-id-11347\"\n                                    data-label=\"Assignment of a PQF level\">\n                                Assignment of a PQF level                            <\/button>\n                        <\/h2>\n                        <div id=\"collapse-id-11347\"\n                             class=\"accordion-collapse collapse\"\n                             aria-labelledby=\"heading-11347\" role=\"region\">\n                            <div class=\"accordion-body\">\n                                                                    <p>A PQF level is assigned to a qualification by comparing the competences (learning outcomes) required for that qualification with the level descriptors of the Polish Qualifications Framework. The comparison is carried out by a panel of experts appointed for this purpose. The relevant PQF levels for full qualifications are specified in Article 8 of the [&hellip;]<\/p>\n                                                                <a class=\"own-links-box dark-overlay js-track-tile\" href=\"https:\/\/kwalifikacje.gov.pl\/en\/individual\/knowledge-base\/key-concepts\/assignment-of-a-pqf-level\/\"\n                                   data-tile-name=\"Assignment of a PQF level\"\n                                   data-tile-action=\"podstrona_akordeon\"\n                                   data-tile-section=\"podstrony\"\n                                   data-tile-url=\"https:\/\/kwalifikacje.gov.pl\/en\/individual\/knowledge-base\/key-concepts\/assignment-of-a-pqf-level\/\">\n                                    Find out more                                    <span class=\"visually-hidden\">: Assignment of a PQF level<\/span>\n                                <\/a>\n                            <\/div>\n                        <\/div>\n                    <\/div>\n                                    <div class=\"accordion-item\">\n                        <h2 id=\"heading-10989\" class=\"accordion-header\">\n                            <button class=\"accordion-button gtm-accordion collapsed\"\n                                    type=\"button\"\n                                    data-bs-toggle=\"collapse\"\n                                    data-bs-target=\"#collapse-id-10989\"\n                                    aria-expanded=\"false\"\n                                    aria-controls=\"collapse-id-10989\"\n                                    data-label=\"Awarding body\">\n                                Awarding body                            <\/button>\n                        <\/h2>\n                        <div id=\"collapse-id-10989\"\n                             class=\"accordion-collapse collapse\"\n                             aria-labelledby=\"heading-10989\" role=\"region\">\n                            <div class=\"accordion-body\">\n                                                                    <p>Within the IQS, an \u201cawarding body\u201d is a training company, higher education institution or other entity authorised by the relevant minister to award a specific qualification. More broadly, the term awarding body refers to any entity that awards qualifications.<\/p>\n                                                                <a class=\"own-links-box dark-overlay js-track-tile\" href=\"https:\/\/kwalifikacje.gov.pl\/en\/individual\/knowledge-base\/key-concepts\/awarding-body\/\"\n                                   data-tile-name=\"Awarding body\"\n                                   data-tile-action=\"podstrona_akordeon\"\n                                   data-tile-section=\"podstrony\"\n                                   data-tile-url=\"https:\/\/kwalifikacje.gov.pl\/en\/individual\/knowledge-base\/key-concepts\/awarding-body\/\">\n                                    Find out more                                    <span class=\"visually-hidden\">: Awarding body<\/span>\n                                <\/a>\n                            <\/div>\n                        <\/div>\n                    <\/div>\n                                    <div class=\"accordion-item\">\n                        <h2 id=\"heading-11118\" class=\"accordion-header\">\n                            <button class=\"accordion-button gtm-accordion collapsed\"\n                                    type=\"button\"\n                                    data-bs-toggle=\"collapse\"\n                                    data-bs-target=\"#collapse-id-11118\"\n                                    aria-expanded=\"false\"\n                                    aria-controls=\"collapse-id-11118\"\n                                    data-label=\"Certification\">\n                                Certification                            <\/button>\n                        <\/h2>\n                        <div id=\"collapse-id-11118\"\n                             class=\"accordion-collapse collapse\"\n                             aria-labelledby=\"heading-11118\" role=\"region\">\n                            <div class=\"accordion-body\">\n                                                                    <p>Certification means awarding a qualification. It is a series of activities that results in a person seeking a qualification receiving a document confirming that a specific qualification has been awarded. Under the IQS Act, certification takes place after a positive validation outcome has been obtained. Only authorised institutions may award qualifications. Education or training, validation [&hellip;]<\/p>\n                                                                <a class=\"own-links-box dark-overlay js-track-tile\" href=\"https:\/\/kwalifikacje.gov.pl\/en\/individual\/knowledge-base\/key-concepts\/certification\/\"\n                                   data-tile-name=\"Certification\"\n                                   data-tile-action=\"podstrona_akordeon\"\n                                   data-tile-section=\"podstrony\"\n                                   data-tile-url=\"https:\/\/kwalifikacje.gov.pl\/en\/individual\/knowledge-base\/key-concepts\/certification\/\">\n                                    Find out more                                    <span class=\"visually-hidden\">: Certification<\/span>\n                                <\/a>\n                            <\/div>\n                        <\/div>\n                    <\/div>\n                                    <div class=\"accordion-item\">\n                        <h2 id=\"heading-11312\" class=\"accordion-header\">\n                            <button class=\"accordion-button gtm-accordion collapsed\"\n                                    type=\"button\"\n                                    data-bs-toggle=\"collapse\"\n                                    data-bs-target=\"#collapse-id-11312\"\n                                    aria-expanded=\"false\"\n                                    aria-controls=\"collapse-id-11312\"\n                                    data-label=\"Craft qualification\">\n                                Craft qualification                            <\/button>\n                        <\/h2>\n                        <div id=\"collapse-id-11312\"\n                             class=\"accordion-collapse collapse\"\n                             aria-labelledby=\"heading-11312\" role=\"region\">\n                            <div class=\"accordion-body\">\n                                                                    <p>Under the IQS Act, craft qualifications are qualifications for which the examination requirements are set by the Polish Craft Association. Craft qualifications are awarded to people who have passed the relevant examinations before examination boards of chambers of crafts.<\/p>\n                                                                <a class=\"own-links-box dark-overlay js-track-tile\" href=\"https:\/\/kwalifikacje.gov.pl\/en\/individual\/knowledge-base\/key-concepts\/craft-qualification\/\"\n                                   data-tile-name=\"Craft qualification\"\n                                   data-tile-action=\"podstrona_akordeon\"\n                                   data-tile-section=\"podstrony\"\n                                   data-tile-url=\"https:\/\/kwalifikacje.gov.pl\/en\/individual\/knowledge-base\/key-concepts\/craft-qualification\/\">\n                                    Find out more                                    <span class=\"visually-hidden\">: Craft qualification<\/span>\n                                <\/a>\n                            <\/div>\n                        <\/div>\n                    <\/div>\n                                    <div class=\"accordion-item\">\n                        <h2 id=\"heading-11292\" class=\"accordion-header\">\n                            <button class=\"accordion-button gtm-accordion collapsed\"\n                                    type=\"button\"\n                                    data-bs-toggle=\"collapse\"\n                                    data-bs-target=\"#collapse-id-11292\"\n                                    aria-expanded=\"false\"\n                                    aria-controls=\"collapse-id-11292\"\n                                    data-label=\"External quality assurance\">\n                                External quality assurance                            <\/button>\n                        <\/h2>\n                        <div id=\"collapse-id-11292\"\n                             class=\"accordion-collapse collapse\"\n                             aria-labelledby=\"heading-11292\" role=\"region\">\n                            <div class=\"accordion-body\">\n                                                                    <p>In the terminology used in the IQS, \u201cexternal quality assurance\u201d means the monitoring and periodic evaluation of activities related to the awarding of qualifications, carried out by an entity independent of the awarding body. The requirement for external quality assurance was introduced by the IQS Act. External quality assurance helps ensure that standards for awarding [&hellip;]<\/p>\n                                                                <a class=\"own-links-box dark-overlay js-track-tile\" href=\"https:\/\/kwalifikacje.gov.pl\/en\/individual\/knowledge-base\/key-concepts\/external-quality-assurance\/\"\n                                   data-tile-name=\"External quality assurance\"\n                                   data-tile-action=\"podstrona_akordeon\"\n                                   data-tile-section=\"podstrony\"\n                                   data-tile-url=\"https:\/\/kwalifikacje.gov.pl\/en\/individual\/knowledge-base\/key-concepts\/external-quality-assurance\/\">\n                                    Find out more                                    <span class=\"visually-hidden\">: External quality assurance<\/span>\n                                <\/a>\n                            <\/div>\n                        <\/div>\n                    <\/div>\n                                    <div class=\"accordion-item\">\n                        <h2 id=\"heading-11356\" class=\"accordion-header\">\n                            <button class=\"accordion-button gtm-accordion collapsed\"\n                                    type=\"button\"\n                                    data-bs-toggle=\"collapse\"\n                                    data-bs-target=\"#collapse-id-11356\"\n                                    aria-expanded=\"false\"\n                                    aria-controls=\"collapse-id-11356\"\n                                    data-label=\"External quality assurance body\">\n                                External quality assurance body                            <\/button>\n                        <\/h2>\n                        <div id=\"collapse-id-11356\"\n                             class=\"accordion-collapse collapse\"\n                             aria-labelledby=\"heading-11356\" role=\"region\">\n                            <div class=\"accordion-body\">\n                                                                    <p>To ensure the reliability of qualifications awarded within the IQS, validation and certification are subject to external quality assurance. This task is carried out by institutions that are independent of the awarding body. The IQS Act sets out provisions for assigning an external quality assurance body (EQA body) to an awarding body. The EQA body [&hellip;]<\/p>\n                                                                <a class=\"own-links-box dark-overlay js-track-tile\" href=\"https:\/\/kwalifikacje.gov.pl\/en\/individual\/knowledge-base\/key-concepts\/external-quality-assurance-body\/\"\n                                   data-tile-name=\"External quality assurance body\"\n                                   data-tile-action=\"podstrona_akordeon\"\n                                   data-tile-section=\"podstrony\"\n                                   data-tile-url=\"https:\/\/kwalifikacje.gov.pl\/en\/individual\/knowledge-base\/key-concepts\/external-quality-assurance-body\/\">\n                                    Find out more                                    <span class=\"visually-hidden\">: External quality assurance body<\/span>\n                                <\/a>\n                            <\/div>\n                        <\/div>\n                    <\/div>\n                                    <div class=\"accordion-item\">\n                        <h2 id=\"heading-11310\" class=\"accordion-header\">\n                            <button class=\"accordion-button gtm-accordion collapsed\"\n                                    type=\"button\"\n                                    data-bs-toggle=\"collapse\"\n                                    data-bs-target=\"#collapse-id-11310\"\n                                    aria-expanded=\"false\"\n                                    aria-controls=\"collapse-id-11310\"\n                                    data-label=\"Full qualification\">\n                                Full qualification                            <\/button>\n                        <\/h2>\n                        <div id=\"collapse-id-11310\"\n                             class=\"accordion-collapse collapse\"\n                             aria-labelledby=\"heading-11310\" role=\"region\">\n                            <div class=\"accordion-body\">\n                                                                    <p>The IQS Act divides qualifications into full and partial qualifications. Full qualifications are awarded exclusively within the school education and higher education systems, after completing primary or secondary school or a higher education programme. All types of full qualifications are listed in Article 8 of the IQS Act.<\/p>\n                                                                <a class=\"own-links-box dark-overlay js-track-tile\" href=\"https:\/\/kwalifikacje.gov.pl\/en\/individual\/knowledge-base\/key-concepts\/full-qualification\/\"\n                                   data-tile-name=\"Full qualification\"\n                                   data-tile-action=\"podstrona_akordeon\"\n                                   data-tile-section=\"podstrony\"\n                                   data-tile-url=\"https:\/\/kwalifikacje.gov.pl\/en\/individual\/knowledge-base\/key-concepts\/full-qualification\/\">\n                                    Find out more                                    <span class=\"visually-hidden\">: Full qualification<\/span>\n                                <\/a>\n                            <\/div>\n                        <\/div>\n                    <\/div>\n                                    <div class=\"accordion-item\">\n                        <h2 id=\"heading-1395\" class=\"accordion-header\">\n                            <button class=\"accordion-button gtm-accordion collapsed\"\n                                    type=\"button\"\n                                    data-bs-toggle=\"collapse\"\n                                    data-bs-target=\"#collapse-id-1395\"\n                                    aria-expanded=\"false\"\n                                    aria-controls=\"collapse-id-1395\"\n                                    data-label=\"Integrated Qualification System (IQS)\">\n                                Integrated Qualification System (IQS)                            <\/button>\n                        <\/h2>\n                        <div id=\"collapse-id-1395\"\n                             class=\"accordion-collapse collapse\"\n                             aria-labelledby=\"heading-1395\" role=\"region\">\n                            <div class=\"accordion-body\">\n                                                                    <p>The Integrated Qualifications System has been operating in Poland since 2016, following the adoption of a special act by the Polish Parliament. The integrated system encompasses a significant portion of Polish qualifications which have been included in it under the provisions of the act or by the competent ministers. The integrated system operates based on [&hellip;]<\/p>\n                                                                <a class=\"own-links-box dark-overlay js-track-tile\" href=\"https:\/\/kwalifikacje.gov.pl\/en\/individual\/knowledge-base\/key-concepts\/integrated-qualification-system-iqs\/\"\n                                   data-tile-name=\"Integrated Qualification System (IQS)\"\n                                   data-tile-action=\"podstrona_akordeon\"\n                                   data-tile-section=\"podstrony\"\n                                   data-tile-url=\"https:\/\/kwalifikacje.gov.pl\/en\/individual\/knowledge-base\/key-concepts\/integrated-qualification-system-iqs\/\">\n                                    Find out more                                    <span class=\"visually-hidden\">: Integrated Qualification System (IQS)<\/span>\n                                <\/a>\n                            <\/div>\n                        <\/div>\n                    <\/div>\n                                    <div class=\"accordion-item\">\n                        <h2 id=\"heading-11437\" class=\"accordion-header\">\n                            <button class=\"accordion-button gtm-accordion collapsed\"\n                                    type=\"button\"\n                                    data-bs-toggle=\"collapse\"\n                                    data-bs-target=\"#collapse-id-11437\"\n                                    aria-expanded=\"false\"\n                                    aria-controls=\"collapse-id-11437\"\n                                    data-label=\"Integrated Qualifications Register\">\n                                Integrated Qualifications Register                            <\/button>\n                        <\/h2>\n                        <div id=\"collapse-id-11437\"\n                             class=\"accordion-collapse collapse\"\n                             aria-labelledby=\"heading-11437\" role=\"region\">\n                            <div class=\"accordion-body\">\n                                                                    <p>The Integrated Qualifications Register is a public register maintained in an ICT system. It contains all qualifications included in the IQS. Being entered in the Register means that a qualification is reliable and has been assigned a PQF level. Qualifications that are not included in the IQS cannot be entered in the IQR. Qualification data [&hellip;]<\/p>\n                                                                <a class=\"own-links-box dark-overlay js-track-tile\" href=\"https:\/\/kwalifikacje.gov.pl\/en\/individual\/knowledge-base\/key-concepts\/integrated-qualifications-register\/\"\n                                   data-tile-name=\"Integrated Qualifications Register\"\n                                   data-tile-action=\"podstrona_akordeon\"\n                                   data-tile-section=\"podstrony\"\n                                   data-tile-url=\"https:\/\/kwalifikacje.gov.pl\/en\/individual\/knowledge-base\/key-concepts\/integrated-qualifications-register\/\">\n                                    Find out more                                    <span class=\"visually-hidden\">: Integrated Qualifications Register<\/span>\n                                <\/a>\n                            <\/div>\n                        <\/div>\n                    <\/div>\n                                    <div class=\"accordion-item\">\n                        <h2 id=\"heading-11336\" class=\"accordion-header\">\n                            <button class=\"accordion-button gtm-accordion collapsed\"\n                                    type=\"button\"\n                                    data-bs-toggle=\"collapse\"\n                                    data-bs-target=\"#collapse-id-11336\"\n                                    aria-expanded=\"false\"\n                                    aria-controls=\"collapse-id-11336\"\n                                    data-label=\"Internal quality assurance\">\n                                Internal quality assurance                            <\/button>\n                        <\/h2>\n                        <div id=\"collapse-id-11336\"\n                             class=\"accordion-collapse collapse\"\n                             aria-labelledby=\"heading-11336\" role=\"region\">\n                            <div class=\"accordion-body\">\n                                                                    <p>In the terminology used in the IQS, \u201cinternal quality assurance\u201d means the monitoring and periodic evaluation by an awarding body of its own activities related to the awarding of qualifications. The requirement for every awarding body to have an internal quality assurance system was introduced by the IQS Act. Internal quality assurance strengthens an awarding [&hellip;]<\/p>\n                                                                <a class=\"own-links-box dark-overlay js-track-tile\" href=\"https:\/\/kwalifikacje.gov.pl\/en\/individual\/knowledge-base\/key-concepts\/internal-quality-assurance\/\"\n                                   data-tile-name=\"Internal quality assurance\"\n                                   data-tile-action=\"podstrona_akordeon\"\n                                   data-tile-section=\"podstrony\"\n                                   data-tile-url=\"https:\/\/kwalifikacje.gov.pl\/en\/individual\/knowledge-base\/key-concepts\/internal-quality-assurance\/\">\n                                    Find out more                                    <span class=\"visually-hidden\">: Internal quality assurance<\/span>\n                                <\/a>\n                            <\/div>\n                        <\/div>\n                    <\/div>\n                                    <div class=\"accordion-item\">\n                        <h2 id=\"heading-11345\" class=\"accordion-header\">\n                            <button class=\"accordion-button gtm-accordion collapsed\"\n                                    type=\"button\"\n                                    data-bs-toggle=\"collapse\"\n                                    data-bs-target=\"#collapse-id-11345\"\n                                    aria-expanded=\"false\"\n                                    aria-controls=\"collapse-id-11345\"\n                                    data-label=\"IQS Stakeholder Council\">\n                                IQS Stakeholder Council                            <\/button>\n                        <\/h2>\n                        <div id=\"collapse-id-11345\"\n                             class=\"accordion-collapse collapse\"\n                             aria-labelledby=\"heading-11345\" role=\"region\">\n                            <div class=\"accordion-body\">\n                                                                    <p>The IQS Stakeholder Council is an advisory body to the Minister-Coordinator of the IQS. The Council supports the Minister-Coordinator in ensuring the consistency and comparability of the system and in improving the mechanisms operating within the IQS. The composition of the IQS Stakeholder Council is set out in the IQS Act. The Council includes representatives [&hellip;]<\/p>\n                                                                <a class=\"own-links-box dark-overlay js-track-tile\" href=\"https:\/\/kwalifikacje.gov.pl\/en\/individual\/knowledge-base\/key-concepts\/iqs-stakeholder-council\/\"\n                                   data-tile-name=\"IQS Stakeholder Council\"\n                                   data-tile-action=\"podstrona_akordeon\"\n                                   data-tile-section=\"podstrony\"\n                                   data-tile-url=\"https:\/\/kwalifikacje.gov.pl\/en\/individual\/knowledge-base\/key-concepts\/iqs-stakeholder-council\/\">\n                                    Find out more                                    <span class=\"visually-hidden\">: IQS Stakeholder Council<\/span>\n                                <\/a>\n                            <\/div>\n                        <\/div>\n                    <\/div>\n                                    <div class=\"accordion-item\">\n                        <h2 id=\"heading-11360\" class=\"accordion-header\">\n                            <button class=\"accordion-button gtm-accordion collapsed\"\n                                    type=\"button\"\n                                    data-bs-toggle=\"collapse\"\n                                    data-bs-target=\"#collapse-id-11360\"\n                                    aria-expanded=\"false\"\n                                    aria-controls=\"collapse-id-11360\"\n                                    data-label=\"Knowledge\">\n                                Knowledge                            <\/button>\n                        <\/h2>\n                        <div id=\"collapse-id-11360\"\n                             class=\"accordion-collapse collapse\"\n                             aria-labelledby=\"heading-11360\" role=\"region\">\n                            <div class=\"accordion-body\">\n                                                                    <p>Knowledge consists of objects and facts, processes, principles and regularities that people have learned about, as well as an understanding of theories developed through scientific research. In the terminology used in the IQS, \u201cknowledge\u201d is one of the three categories of learning outcomes distinguished in the PQF. The requirements for individual qualifications refer to selected [&hellip;]<\/p>\n                                                                <a class=\"own-links-box dark-overlay js-track-tile\" href=\"https:\/\/kwalifikacje.gov.pl\/en\/individual\/knowledge-base\/key-concepts\/knowledge\/\"\n                                   data-tile-name=\"Knowledge\"\n                                   data-tile-action=\"podstrona_akordeon\"\n                                   data-tile-section=\"podstrony\"\n                                   data-tile-url=\"https:\/\/kwalifikacje.gov.pl\/en\/individual\/knowledge-base\/key-concepts\/knowledge\/\">\n                                    Find out more                                    <span class=\"visually-hidden\">: Knowledge<\/span>\n                                <\/a>\n                            <\/div>\n                        <\/div>\n                    <\/div>\n                                    <div class=\"accordion-item\">\n                        <h2 id=\"heading-11124\" class=\"accordion-header\">\n                            <button class=\"accordion-button gtm-accordion collapsed\"\n                                    type=\"button\"\n                                    data-bs-toggle=\"collapse\"\n                                    data-bs-target=\"#collapse-id-11124\"\n                                    aria-expanded=\"false\"\n                                    aria-controls=\"collapse-id-11124\"\n                                    data-label=\"Learning outcomes\">\n                                Learning outcomes                            <\/button>\n                        <\/h2>\n                        <div id=\"collapse-id-11124\"\n                             class=\"accordion-collapse collapse\"\n                             aria-labelledby=\"heading-11124\" role=\"region\">\n                            <div class=\"accordion-body\">\n                                                                    <p>Learning outcomes are the knowledge, skills and social competences acquired through learning in the broadest sense \u2013 not only at school or university, but also through work and a range of other activities. The learning outcomes specified in a qualification description define: In theory, learning outcomes are divided into three categories. In practice, however, a [&hellip;]<\/p>\n                                                                <a class=\"own-links-box dark-overlay js-track-tile\" href=\"https:\/\/kwalifikacje.gov.pl\/en\/individual\/knowledge-base\/key-concepts\/learning-outcomes\/\"\n                                   data-tile-name=\"Learning outcomes\"\n                                   data-tile-action=\"podstrona_akordeon\"\n                                   data-tile-section=\"podstrony\"\n                                   data-tile-url=\"https:\/\/kwalifikacje.gov.pl\/en\/individual\/knowledge-base\/key-concepts\/learning-outcomes\/\">\n                                    Find out more                                    <span class=\"visually-hidden\">: Learning outcomes<\/span>\n                                <\/a>\n                            <\/div>\n                        <\/div>\n                    <\/div>\n                                    <div class=\"accordion-item\">\n                        <h2 id=\"heading-11322\" class=\"accordion-header\">\n                            <button class=\"accordion-button gtm-accordion collapsed\"\n                                    type=\"button\"\n                                    data-bs-toggle=\"collapse\"\n                                    data-bs-target=\"#collapse-id-11322\"\n                                    aria-expanded=\"false\"\n                                    aria-controls=\"collapse-id-11322\"\n                                    data-label=\"Market qualification\">\n                                Market qualification                            <\/button>\n                        <\/h2>\n                        <div id=\"collapse-id-11322\"\n                             class=\"accordion-collapse collapse\"\n                             aria-labelledby=\"heading-11322\" role=\"region\">\n                            <div class=\"accordion-body\">\n                                                                    <p>Market qualifications operate on the \u201copen qualifications market\u201d, which means that they are not regulated by generally applicable legislation. Some large companies, corporations, associations and organisations develop market qualifications for their own purposes. These qualifications may relate to occupational activities as well as other types of activity, including educational and youth development activities (for example, [&hellip;]<\/p>\n                                                                <a class=\"own-links-box dark-overlay js-track-tile\" href=\"https:\/\/kwalifikacje.gov.pl\/en\/individual\/knowledge-base\/key-concepts\/market-qualification\/\"\n                                   data-tile-name=\"Market qualification\"\n                                   data-tile-action=\"podstrona_akordeon\"\n                                   data-tile-section=\"podstrony\"\n                                   data-tile-url=\"https:\/\/kwalifikacje.gov.pl\/en\/individual\/knowledge-base\/key-concepts\/market-qualification\/\">\n                                    Find out more                                    <span class=\"visually-hidden\">: Market qualification<\/span>\n                                <\/a>\n                            <\/div>\n                        <\/div>\n                    <\/div>\n                                    <div class=\"accordion-item\">\n                        <h2 id=\"heading-11305\" class=\"accordion-header\">\n                            <button class=\"accordion-button gtm-accordion collapsed\"\n                                    type=\"button\"\n                                    data-bs-toggle=\"collapse\"\n                                    data-bs-target=\"#collapse-id-11305\"\n                                    aria-expanded=\"false\"\n                                    aria-controls=\"collapse-id-11305\"\n                                    data-label=\"Partial qualification\">\n                                Partial qualification                            <\/button>\n                        <\/h2>\n                        <div id=\"collapse-id-11305\"\n                             class=\"accordion-collapse collapse\"\n                             aria-labelledby=\"heading-11305\" role=\"region\">\n                            <div class=\"accordion-body\">\n                                                                    <p>There are several types of partial qualifications, including regulated, market, sectoral and craft qualifications. Compared with full qualifications, partial qualifications cover a narrower range of required competences. These requirements are usually linked to clearly defined types of activities. A partial qualification may extend or deepen a full qualification. For example, doctors may obtain a specialist [&hellip;]<\/p>\n                                                                <a class=\"own-links-box dark-overlay js-track-tile\" href=\"https:\/\/kwalifikacje.gov.pl\/en\/individual\/knowledge-base\/key-concepts\/partial-qualification\/\"\n                                   data-tile-name=\"Partial qualification\"\n                                   data-tile-action=\"podstrona_akordeon\"\n                                   data-tile-section=\"podstrony\"\n                                   data-tile-url=\"https:\/\/kwalifikacje.gov.pl\/en\/individual\/knowledge-base\/key-concepts\/partial-qualification\/\">\n                                    Find out more                                    <span class=\"visually-hidden\">: Partial qualification<\/span>\n                                <\/a>\n                            <\/div>\n                        <\/div>\n                    <\/div>\n                                    <div class=\"accordion-item\">\n                        <h2 id=\"heading-11353\" class=\"accordion-header\">\n                            <button class=\"accordion-button gtm-accordion collapsed\"\n                                    type=\"button\"\n                                    data-bs-toggle=\"collapse\"\n                                    data-bs-target=\"#collapse-id-11353\"\n                                    aria-expanded=\"false\"\n                                    aria-controls=\"collapse-id-11353\"\n                                    data-label=\"Polish Qualifications Framework\">\n                                Polish Qualifications Framework                            <\/button>\n                        <\/h2>\n                        <div id=\"collapse-id-11353\"\n                             class=\"accordion-collapse collapse\"\n                             aria-labelledby=\"heading-11353\" role=\"region\">\n                            <div class=\"accordion-body\">\n                                                                    <p>The Polish Qualifications Framework (PQF) describes the qualification levels established in Poland. As in many other countries, the PQF is one of the key elements of the qualifications system. Like the European Qualifications Framework (EQF), the Polish framework has 8 qualification levels. The higher the PQF level, the greater the requirements for people seeking a [&hellip;]<\/p>\n                                                                <a class=\"own-links-box dark-overlay js-track-tile\" href=\"https:\/\/kwalifikacje.gov.pl\/en\/individual\/knowledge-base\/key-concepts\/polish-qualifications-framework\/\"\n                                   data-tile-name=\"Polish Qualifications Framework\"\n                                   data-tile-action=\"podstrona_akordeon\"\n                                   data-tile-section=\"podstrony\"\n                                   data-tile-url=\"https:\/\/kwalifikacje.gov.pl\/en\/individual\/knowledge-base\/key-concepts\/polish-qualifications-framework\/\">\n                                    Find out more                                    <span class=\"visually-hidden\">: Polish Qualifications Framework<\/span>\n                                <\/a>\n                            <\/div>\n                        <\/div>\n                    <\/div>\n                                    <div class=\"accordion-item\">\n                        <h2 id=\"heading-11351\" class=\"accordion-header\">\n                            <button class=\"accordion-button gtm-accordion collapsed\"\n                                    type=\"button\"\n                                    data-bs-toggle=\"collapse\"\n                                    data-bs-target=\"#collapse-id-11351\"\n                                    aria-expanded=\"false\"\n                                    aria-controls=\"collapse-id-11351\"\n                                    data-label=\"PQF level\">\n                                PQF level                            <\/button>\n                        <\/h2>\n                        <div id=\"collapse-id-11351\"\n                             class=\"accordion-collapse collapse\"\n                             aria-labelledby=\"heading-11351\" role=\"region\">\n                            <div class=\"accordion-body\">\n                                                                    <p>A PQF (Polish Qualifications Framework) level provides general information about the scope and complexity of the knowledge, skills and social competences required of people seeking qualifications at that level. The PQF level assigned to a particular qualification is determined by comparing the requirements set out in the qualification description with the level descriptors in the [&hellip;]<\/p>\n                                                                <a class=\"own-links-box dark-overlay js-track-tile\" href=\"https:\/\/kwalifikacje.gov.pl\/en\/individual\/knowledge-base\/key-concepts\/pqf-level\/\"\n                                   data-tile-name=\"PQF level\"\n                                   data-tile-action=\"podstrona_akordeon\"\n                                   data-tile-section=\"podstrony\"\n                                   data-tile-url=\"https:\/\/kwalifikacje.gov.pl\/en\/individual\/knowledge-base\/key-concepts\/pqf-level\/\">\n                                    Find out more                                    <span class=\"visually-hidden\">: PQF level<\/span>\n                                <\/a>\n                            <\/div>\n                        <\/div>\n                    <\/div>\n                                    <div class=\"accordion-item\">\n                        <h2 id=\"heading-11120\" class=\"accordion-header\">\n                            <button class=\"accordion-button gtm-accordion collapsed\"\n                                    type=\"button\"\n                                    data-bs-toggle=\"collapse\"\n                                    data-bs-target=\"#collapse-id-11120\"\n                                    aria-expanded=\"false\"\n                                    aria-controls=\"collapse-id-11120\"\n                                    data-label=\"PQF level descriptors\">\n                                PQF level descriptors                            <\/button>\n                        <\/h2>\n                        <div id=\"collapse-id-11120\"\n                             class=\"accordion-collapse collapse\"\n                             aria-labelledby=\"heading-11120\" role=\"region\">\n                            <div class=\"accordion-body\">\n                                                                    <p>This is a set of statements that describe, in the most general terms, the knowledge, skills and social competences corresponding to a given PQF (Polish Qualifications Framework) level. The Polish Qualifications Framework includes first-stage and second-stage PQF level descriptors.&nbsp; The first-stage descriptors are universal \u2013 they apply to all types of qualifications. The second-stage descriptors [&hellip;]<\/p>\n                                                                <a class=\"own-links-box dark-overlay js-track-tile\" href=\"https:\/\/kwalifikacje.gov.pl\/en\/individual\/knowledge-base\/key-concepts\/pqf-level-descriptors\/\"\n                                   data-tile-name=\"PQF level descriptors\"\n                                   data-tile-action=\"podstrona_akordeon\"\n                                   data-tile-section=\"podstrony\"\n                                   data-tile-url=\"https:\/\/kwalifikacje.gov.pl\/en\/individual\/knowledge-base\/key-concepts\/pqf-level-descriptors\/\">\n                                    Find out more                                    <span class=\"visually-hidden\">: PQF level descriptors<\/span>\n                                <\/a>\n                            <\/div>\n                        <\/div>\n                    <\/div>\n                                    <div class=\"accordion-item\">\n                        <h2 id=\"heading-11307\" class=\"accordion-header\">\n                            <button class=\"accordion-button gtm-accordion collapsed\"\n                                    type=\"button\"\n                                    data-bs-toggle=\"collapse\"\n                                    data-bs-target=\"#collapse-id-11307\"\n                                    aria-expanded=\"false\"\n                                    aria-controls=\"collapse-id-11307\"\n                                    data-label=\"Qualification\">\n                                Qualification                            <\/button>\n                        <\/h2>\n                        <div id=\"collapse-id-11307\"\n                             class=\"accordion-collapse collapse\"\n                             aria-labelledby=\"heading-11307\" role=\"region\">\n                            <div class=\"accordion-body\">\n                                                                    <p>A qualification is a formal confirmation that a person has demonstrated, in accordance with the applicable procedure, that they have achieved the required learning outcomes (competences) specified for that qualification. A document confirming the award of a qualification may be, for example, a school certificate, diploma or certificate. A qualification can be awarded only if [&hellip;]<\/p>\n                                                                <a class=\"own-links-box dark-overlay js-track-tile\" href=\"https:\/\/kwalifikacje.gov.pl\/en\/individual\/knowledge-base\/key-concepts\/qualification\/\"\n                                   data-tile-name=\"Qualification\"\n                                   data-tile-action=\"podstrona_akordeon\"\n                                   data-tile-section=\"podstrony\"\n                                   data-tile-url=\"https:\/\/kwalifikacje.gov.pl\/en\/individual\/knowledge-base\/key-concepts\/qualification\/\">\n                                    Find out more                                    <span class=\"visually-hidden\">: Qualification<\/span>\n                                <\/a>\n                            <\/div>\n                        <\/div>\n                    <\/div>\n                                    <div class=\"accordion-item\">\n                        <h2 id=\"heading-11128\" class=\"accordion-header\">\n                            <button class=\"accordion-button gtm-accordion collapsed\"\n                                    type=\"button\"\n                                    data-bs-toggle=\"collapse\"\n                                    data-bs-target=\"#collapse-id-11128\"\n                                    aria-expanded=\"false\"\n                                    aria-controls=\"collapse-id-11128\"\n                                    data-label=\"Quality of a qualification\">\n                                Quality of a qualification                            <\/button>\n                        <\/h2>\n                        <div id=\"collapse-id-11128\"\n                             class=\"accordion-collapse collapse\"\n                             aria-labelledby=\"heading-11128\" role=\"region\">\n                            <div class=\"accordion-body\">\n                                                                    <p>If people who obtain a qualification are then able to perform well in the tasks that the requirements set out in the qualification description are intended to prepare them for, this indicates that the qualification is of good quality. The quality of a qualification depends first and foremost on the selection of learning outcomes (competences) [&hellip;]<\/p>\n                                                                <a class=\"own-links-box dark-overlay js-track-tile\" href=\"https:\/\/kwalifikacje.gov.pl\/en\/individual\/knowledge-base\/key-concepts\/quality-of-a-qualification\/\"\n                                   data-tile-name=\"Quality of a qualification\"\n                                   data-tile-action=\"podstrona_akordeon\"\n                                   data-tile-section=\"podstrony\"\n                                   data-tile-url=\"https:\/\/kwalifikacje.gov.pl\/en\/individual\/knowledge-base\/key-concepts\/quality-of-a-qualification\/\">\n                                    Find out more                                    <span class=\"visually-hidden\">: Quality of a qualification<\/span>\n                                <\/a>\n                            <\/div>\n                        <\/div>\n                    <\/div>\n                                    <div class=\"accordion-item\">\n                        <h2 id=\"heading-11320\" class=\"accordion-header\">\n                            <button class=\"accordion-button gtm-accordion collapsed\"\n                                    type=\"button\"\n                                    data-bs-toggle=\"collapse\"\n                                    data-bs-target=\"#collapse-id-11320\"\n                                    aria-expanded=\"false\"\n                                    aria-controls=\"collapse-id-11320\"\n                                    data-label=\"Regulated qualification\">\n                                Regulated qualification                            <\/button>\n                        <\/h2>\n                        <div id=\"collapse-id-11320\"\n                             class=\"accordion-collapse collapse\"\n                             aria-labelledby=\"heading-11320\" role=\"region\">\n                            <div class=\"accordion-body\">\n                                                                    <p>A regulated qualification operates on the basis of legal provisions other than those governing the education system (under the terminology used in the IQS Act, school certificates and higher education diplomas are not regulated qualifications). From the perspective of the economy and the labour market, regulated qualifications are an essential complement to full qualifications obtained [&hellip;]<\/p>\n                                                                <a class=\"own-links-box dark-overlay js-track-tile\" href=\"https:\/\/kwalifikacje.gov.pl\/en\/individual\/knowledge-base\/key-concepts\/regulated-qualification\/\"\n                                   data-tile-name=\"Regulated qualification\"\n                                   data-tile-action=\"podstrona_akordeon\"\n                                   data-tile-section=\"podstrony\"\n                                   data-tile-url=\"https:\/\/kwalifikacje.gov.pl\/en\/individual\/knowledge-base\/key-concepts\/regulated-qualification\/\">\n                                    Find out more                                    <span class=\"visually-hidden\">: Regulated qualification<\/span>\n                                <\/a>\n                            <\/div>\n                        <\/div>\n                    <\/div>\n                                    <div class=\"accordion-item\">\n                        <h2 id=\"heading-11325\" class=\"accordion-header\">\n                            <button class=\"accordion-button gtm-accordion collapsed\"\n                                    type=\"button\"\n                                    data-bs-toggle=\"collapse\"\n                                    data-bs-target=\"#collapse-id-11325\"\n                                    aria-expanded=\"false\"\n                                    aria-controls=\"collapse-id-11325\"\n                                    data-label=\"Relevant minister\">\n                                Relevant minister                            <\/button>\n                        <\/h2>\n                        <div id=\"collapse-id-11325\"\n                             class=\"accordion-collapse collapse\"\n                             aria-labelledby=\"heading-11325\" role=\"region\">\n                            <div class=\"accordion-body\">\n                                                                    <p>Ministers responsible for individual branches of government administration are responsible for qualifications falling within those branches. The relevant minister for a given qualification: Only one minister can be responsible for a given qualification. This also applies to qualifications that fall within more than one branch of government administration. If there is any doubt as to [&hellip;]<\/p>\n                                                                <a class=\"own-links-box dark-overlay js-track-tile\" href=\"https:\/\/kwalifikacje.gov.pl\/en\/individual\/knowledge-base\/key-concepts\/relevant-minister\/\"\n                                   data-tile-name=\"Relevant minister\"\n                                   data-tile-action=\"podstrona_akordeon\"\n                                   data-tile-section=\"podstrony\"\n                                   data-tile-url=\"https:\/\/kwalifikacje.gov.pl\/en\/individual\/knowledge-base\/key-concepts\/relevant-minister\/\">\n                                    Find out more                                    <span class=\"visually-hidden\">: Relevant minister<\/span>\n                                <\/a>\n                            <\/div>\n                        <\/div>\n                    <\/div>\n                                    <div class=\"accordion-item\">\n                        <h2 id=\"heading-11314\" class=\"accordion-header\">\n                            <button class=\"accordion-button gtm-accordion collapsed\"\n                                    type=\"button\"\n                                    data-bs-toggle=\"collapse\"\n                                    data-bs-target=\"#collapse-id-11314\"\n                                    aria-expanded=\"false\"\n                                    aria-controls=\"collapse-id-11314\"\n                                    data-label=\"Sectoral qualification\">\n                                Sectoral qualification                            <\/button>\n                        <\/h2>\n                        <div id=\"collapse-id-11314\"\n                             class=\"accordion-collapse collapse\"\n                             aria-labelledby=\"heading-11314\" role=\"region\">\n                            <div class=\"accordion-body\">\n                                                                    <p>A sectoral qualification is not regulated by generally applicable legislation. It is an occupational qualification that responds to specific needs of a particular industry or sector. Only an institution operating in the relevant industry or sector may be authorised to award a sectoral qualification.<\/p>\n                                                                <a class=\"own-links-box dark-overlay js-track-tile\" href=\"https:\/\/kwalifikacje.gov.pl\/en\/individual\/knowledge-base\/key-concepts\/sectoral-qualification\/\"\n                                   data-tile-name=\"Sectoral qualification\"\n                                   data-tile-action=\"podstrona_akordeon\"\n                                   data-tile-section=\"podstrony\"\n                                   data-tile-url=\"https:\/\/kwalifikacje.gov.pl\/en\/individual\/knowledge-base\/key-concepts\/sectoral-qualification\/\">\n                                    Find out more                                    <span class=\"visually-hidden\">: Sectoral qualification<\/span>\n                                <\/a>\n                            <\/div>\n                        <\/div>\n                    <\/div>\n                                    <div class=\"accordion-item\">\n                        <h2 id=\"heading-11338\" class=\"accordion-header\">\n                            <button class=\"accordion-button gtm-accordion collapsed\"\n                                    type=\"button\"\n                                    data-bs-toggle=\"collapse\"\n                                    data-bs-target=\"#collapse-id-11338\"\n                                    aria-expanded=\"false\"\n                                    aria-controls=\"collapse-id-11338\"\n                                    data-label=\"Sectoral Qualifications Frameworks\">\n                                Sectoral Qualifications Frameworks                            <\/button>\n                        <\/h2>\n                        <div id=\"collapse-id-11338\"\n                             class=\"accordion-collapse collapse\"\n                             aria-labelledby=\"heading-11338\" role=\"region\">\n                            <div class=\"accordion-body\">\n                                                                    <p>Sectoral Qualifications Frameworks contain level descriptors that use terminology specific to particular sectors or industries. This makes it easier to determine the PQF levels of qualifications operating within a given sector or industry. Depending on the needs of a particular sector or professional community, Sectoral Qualifications Frameworks may cover different numbers of levels (for example, [&hellip;]<\/p>\n                                                                <a class=\"own-links-box dark-overlay js-track-tile\" href=\"https:\/\/kwalifikacje.gov.pl\/en\/individual\/knowledge-base\/key-concepts\/sectoral-qualifications-frameworks\/\"\n                                   data-tile-name=\"Sectoral Qualifications Frameworks\"\n                                   data-tile-action=\"podstrona_akordeon\"\n                                   data-tile-section=\"podstrony\"\n                                   data-tile-url=\"https:\/\/kwalifikacje.gov.pl\/en\/individual\/knowledge-base\/key-concepts\/sectoral-qualifications-frameworks\/\">\n                                    Find out more                                    <span class=\"visually-hidden\">: Sectoral Qualifications Frameworks<\/span>\n                                <\/a>\n                            <\/div>\n                        <\/div>\n                    <\/div>\n                                    <div class=\"accordion-item\">\n                        <h2 id=\"heading-11294\" class=\"accordion-header\">\n                            <button class=\"accordion-button gtm-accordion collapsed\"\n                                    type=\"button\"\n                                    data-bs-toggle=\"collapse\"\n                                    data-bs-target=\"#collapse-id-11294\"\n                                    aria-expanded=\"false\"\n                                    aria-controls=\"collapse-id-11294\"\n                                    data-label=\"Skills\">\n                                Skills                            <\/button>\n                        <\/h2>\n                        <div id=\"collapse-id-11294\"\n                             class=\"accordion-collapse collapse\"\n                             aria-labelledby=\"heading-11294\" role=\"region\">\n                            <div class=\"accordion-body\">\n                                                                    <p>A skill is an acquired ability to carry out specific activities and tasks effectively and to solve problems. In the terminology used in the IQS, \u201cskills\u201d are one of the three categories of learning outcomes. In the requirements for individual qualifications, skills relate to a particular field of learning or professional activity. In everyday language, [&hellip;]<\/p>\n                                                                <a class=\"own-links-box dark-overlay js-track-tile\" href=\"https:\/\/kwalifikacje.gov.pl\/en\/individual\/knowledge-base\/key-concepts\/skills\/\"\n                                   data-tile-name=\"Skills\"\n                                   data-tile-action=\"podstrona_akordeon\"\n                                   data-tile-section=\"podstrony\"\n                                   data-tile-url=\"https:\/\/kwalifikacje.gov.pl\/en\/individual\/knowledge-base\/key-concepts\/skills\/\">\n                                    Find out more                                    <span class=\"visually-hidden\">: Skills<\/span>\n                                <\/a>\n                            <\/div>\n                        <\/div>\n                    <\/div>\n                                    <div class=\"accordion-item\">\n                        <h2 id=\"heading-11130\" class=\"accordion-header\">\n                            <button class=\"accordion-button gtm-accordion collapsed\"\n                                    type=\"button\"\n                                    data-bs-toggle=\"collapse\"\n                                    data-bs-target=\"#collapse-id-11130\"\n                                    aria-expanded=\"false\"\n                                    aria-controls=\"collapse-id-11130\"\n                                    data-label=\"Social competences\">\n                                Social competences                            <\/button>\n                        <\/h2>\n                        <div id=\"collapse-id-11130\"\n                             class=\"accordion-collapse collapse\"\n                             aria-labelledby=\"heading-11130\" role=\"region\">\n                            <div class=\"accordion-body\">\n                                                                    <p>Social competences are the ability to carry out professional tasks autonomously and responsibly and to participate in social life, taking ethical considerations into account. In the terminology used in the IQS, \u201csocial competences\u201d are one of the three categories of learning outcomes. In the requirements for individual qualifications, social competences relate to a particular field [&hellip;]<\/p>\n                                                                <a class=\"own-links-box dark-overlay js-track-tile\" href=\"https:\/\/kwalifikacje.gov.pl\/en\/individual\/knowledge-base\/key-concepts\/social-competences\/\"\n                                   data-tile-name=\"Social competences\"\n                                   data-tile-action=\"podstrona_akordeon\"\n                                   data-tile-section=\"podstrony\"\n                                   data-tile-url=\"https:\/\/kwalifikacje.gov.pl\/en\/individual\/knowledge-base\/key-concepts\/social-competences\/\">\n                                    Find out more                                    <span class=\"visually-hidden\">: Social competences<\/span>\n                                <\/a>\n                            <\/div>\n                        <\/div>\n                    <\/div>\n                                    <div class=\"accordion-item\">\n                        <h2 id=\"heading-11349\" class=\"accordion-header\">\n                            <button class=\"accordion-button gtm-accordion collapsed\"\n                                    type=\"button\"\n                                    data-bs-toggle=\"collapse\"\n                                    data-bs-target=\"#collapse-id-11349\"\n                                    aria-expanded=\"false\"\n                                    aria-controls=\"collapse-id-11349\"\n                                    data-label=\"Transfer of achievements\">\n                                Transfer of achievements                            <\/button>\n                        <\/h2>\n                        <div id=\"collapse-id-11349\"\n                             class=\"accordion-collapse collapse\"\n                             aria-labelledby=\"heading-11349\" role=\"region\">\n                            <div class=\"accordion-body\">\n                                                                    <p>Transfer of achievements means that an awarding body recognises a positive validation outcome obtained through validation carried out by another institution. The transfer of achievements means that competences already confirmed for a person seeking a qualification do not need to be assessed again. The IQS Act allows achievements to be transferred, but an awarding body [&hellip;]<\/p>\n                                                                <a class=\"own-links-box dark-overlay js-track-tile\" href=\"https:\/\/kwalifikacje.gov.pl\/en\/individual\/knowledge-base\/key-concepts\/transfer-of-achievements\/\"\n                                   data-tile-name=\"Transfer of achievements\"\n                                   data-tile-action=\"podstrona_akordeon\"\n                                   data-tile-section=\"podstrony\"\n                                   data-tile-url=\"https:\/\/kwalifikacje.gov.pl\/en\/individual\/knowledge-base\/key-concepts\/transfer-of-achievements\/\">\n                                    Find out more                                    <span class=\"visually-hidden\">: Transfer of achievements<\/span>\n                                <\/a>\n                            <\/div>\n                        <\/div>\n                    <\/div>\n                                    <div class=\"accordion-item\">\n                        <h2 id=\"heading-11334\" class=\"accordion-header\">\n                            <button class=\"accordion-button gtm-accordion collapsed\"\n                                    type=\"button\"\n                                    data-bs-toggle=\"collapse\"\n                                    data-bs-target=\"#collapse-id-11334\"\n                                    aria-expanded=\"false\"\n                                    aria-controls=\"collapse-id-11334\"\n                                    data-label=\"Validation\">\n                                Validation                            <\/button>\n                        <\/h2>\n                        <div id=\"collapse-id-11334\"\n                             class=\"accordion-collapse collapse\"\n                             aria-labelledby=\"heading-11334\" role=\"region\">\n                            <div class=\"accordion-body\">\n                                                                    <p>In the terminology used in the IQS, \u201cvalidation\u201d means checking whether a person seeking the award of a qualification has achieved the required competences. Validation may cover all the requirements set out in the qualification description or only a distinct part of them. Validation should not be confused with the recognition of qualifications. If a [&hellip;]<\/p>\n                                                                <a class=\"own-links-box dark-overlay js-track-tile\" href=\"https:\/\/kwalifikacje.gov.pl\/en\/individual\/knowledge-base\/key-concepts\/validation\/\"\n                                   data-tile-name=\"Validation\"\n                                   data-tile-action=\"podstrona_akordeon\"\n                                   data-tile-section=\"podstrony\"\n                                   data-tile-url=\"https:\/\/kwalifikacje.gov.pl\/en\/individual\/knowledge-base\/key-concepts\/validation\/\">\n                                    Find out more                                    <span class=\"visually-hidden\">: Validation<\/span>\n                                <\/a>\n                            <\/div>\n                        <\/div>\n                    <\/div>\n                            <\/div>\n        <\/section>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>As part of the work on the Integrated Qualifications System (IQS), carried out jointly with social partners, a number of concepts were developed to support clear communication between representatives of different communities on matters relating to how qualifications function.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":15,"featured_media":0,"parent":11109,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-11423","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/kwalifikacje.gov.pl\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/11423","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/kwalifikacje.gov.pl\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/kwalifikacje.gov.pl\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kwalifikacje.gov.pl\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/15"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kwalifikacje.gov.pl\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=11423"}],"version-history":[{"count":4,"href":"https:\/\/kwalifikacje.gov.pl\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/11423\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":16882,"href":"https:\/\/kwalifikacje.gov.pl\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/11423\/revisions\/16882"}],"up":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kwalifikacje.gov.pl\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/11109"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/kwalifikacje.gov.pl\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=11423"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}